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VietNam Journal
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VietNam Journal is an online quarterly magazine. The magazine is created to serve as a forum for students and scholars to present disciplinary and interdisciplinary research findings on a broad range of issues relating to Vietnam and Vietnamese overseas. VietNam Journal embraces the diversity of both academic interests and scholastic expertise. It is hoped that this forum will introduce scholars to the work of their colleagues, encourage discussion both within and across disciplines, and foster a sense of community among those interested in Vietnam. VietNam Journal welcomes you to its issues. Crucial to the success of this publication is your involvement. VietNam Journal wishes to receive your input, your criticisms, and your contributions. Please help us in this challenging endeavor!
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Topics > Research Paper |
Research papers on Vietnamese culture, history, and/or society. |
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A Critical Reading of Phan Bội Châu's Selective Commentary on the Analects 論語摘錄演解.
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Cuong Tu Nguyen
George Mason University
Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Women's Civil Rights In Traditional Vietnam: The LÊ Code () and Its Adaptation Of The Chinese Codes
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Vietnam is unique in Southeast Asia as being the only country in the region colonised by China for more than one thousand years. Thus, it is inevitable that the Chinese legal system would have a significant influence on Vietnam. Yet, despite these influences, there are enough differences between Vietnamese and Chinese law to suggest that Vietnamese law is not derived from a blind acceptance of the Chinese legal system but rather reflects a tradition of ‘interaction and adaptation’ of foreign cultures into local societies, as has occurred in other Southeast Asian countries. The QuÓc TriŠu hình luÆt [The Penal Code of the National Dynasty, hereafter the Lê Code] () is chosen in this essay to represent the innovative Vietnamese traditional law...
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VILLAGE as pretext: Ethnographic Praxis and the Colonial State in Vietnam
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Colonial Vietnam offered no exception to the South-East Asian rule prevailing at the time that scientific research was embedded in the context of the colonial state and that policing and development purposes were uppermost in the minds of those who facilitated or sponsored scientific research. What Benedict Anderson has called "the confluence between a deeper colonial project and the everyday lives of colonial civil servants" applies to many of the men and (the few) women who were engaged in scientific research during the French colonial period...
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Vietnamese New Year's Celebrations in the Old Days
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The Vietnamese New Year's Festival, better known as TET, falls on the first days of the Lunar New Year, which is also popularly known as the Chinese New Year. As a matter of fact, for many hundreds of years, the Vietnamese people have adopted the Chinese New Year as their own festive occasion....
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Vietnamese Traditional Costumes and Fashion
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This section will be confined to the traditional costumes of women and women's fashion. The Vietnamese have long been proud of our traditional costume for women: the ao dai, which can be translated as long dress. Why are we so fond of this garment? This question can be answered with a quote from the writer Vo Phien: The ao dai both follows the beautiful lines of the body and flatters it by lending it a sense of fluid movement it does not have. There, the eye only sees the wind, the fluid grace, and the blithe fluttering...
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Science, Mathematics, and Reason: The Missionary Methods of the Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes in Seventeenth-Century Vietnam
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Scholars, and the general public as well, have shown continuing interest in the intensive missionary efforts of the seventeenth-century Jesuits in China. Few in the West, however, are familiar with the remarkable efforts undertaken nearly contemporaneously by Alexandre de Rhodes among the people of China's southern neighbor, Vietnam. De Rhodes, a Jesuit from Avignon, France, understood well the power of ideas; and, as an individual who was intellectually ahead of his times, he skillfully used an array of new ideas in persuading...
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The Maritime Nature of the Wars for Vietnam (1945-75)
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As in a time of peace, so in a time of war: The sea is not always an insurmountable barrier; it can just as easily bridge the gap between two widely separated points. In a time of peace, of course, this is easier to grasp. The oceans can often transport heavy commercial loads faster, more cheaply, and more effectively than overland routes. One has only to think of Fernand Braudel’s La Méditerranée to remember how this sea generated commercial, cultural and historical exchanges between Europe and northern Africa, and further...
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The End Game: The Sino-Vietnamese Boundary Dispute and Settlement
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The central question of this paper is, How does the PRC approach boundary disputes and how has this pattern influenced the Sino-Vietnamese boundary settlement? That a boundary dispute even existed was usually unknown until bilateral relations between China and the other party to the dispute deteriorated. For example, as late as 1975, many were confident that the Sino-Vietnamese boundary was mutually acceptable, but in 1979 a border war erupted...
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Tension Between the Generations: Understanding and Redressing Issues that Confront Vietnamese Families in Australia
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Vietnam's Overseas Trade in the 19th Century: The Singapore Connection
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The Nguyen dynasty has long been seen as uniquely "reactionary" in Vietnamese history, and the 19th century as an opportunity lost. Both colonial and Vietnamese nationalist historians held that early 19th century Vietnam kept a Confucian close-the-door policy and that unless pressured by outside forces, it remained static and unchanging. Moreover, this allegedly policy was the source of Vietnam's impoverishment in the nineteenth century...
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The Vietnamese "Nation" in the Trinh-Nguyen Era ()
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Marxist historians of the Vietnamese Communist Party, in attempting to legitimise their party's rule, have evoked the glorious traditions of the Vietnamese nation, so as to instil in their people a strong sense of unity. This was to enable their countrymen to tide over the current difficult circumstances and look instead towards the rosy future. Consequently, many of these historians have argued that their nation's roots were entrenched in the distant past, which provided the beginnings for the continual evolution of such a Vietnamese nation...
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The Zhuang In The Sino-Vietnamese Frontier during the Qing-Era
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The extreme violence of the Taiping years was to prove but prologue to the remainder of the 19th century in Guangxi. While the Taiping were destroyed in the north and local rebels pacified in the south, the government failed to truly stabilize the region. The violence simmered at a level comparable to that prior to the 1840s. The regional political and economic context grew even more complicated with the constantly increasing French presence in Vietnam...
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Literary Embodiment of Social Moods
Hoang Ngoc Phach’s Novel, TO TAM (1925)
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Any attempt to use literature as a source of information on the culture and the way of life of a people would seem to have as its basic assumption the often quoted statement that literature is the mirror of society. True as it is, this statement does not quite capture the essence of the relationship between the two. One should not forget that literature does not passively reflect social reality. The relationship is dynamic, not static as suggested by the mirror image. (After all, what we see of ourselves in a mirror is but a pose, a frozen image; not our more natural selves that move and talk) Writers draw their materials from life...
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Old Habits Die Hard: Persistent Errors in English Written by Vietnamese Speakers
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Language educators distinguish two types of errors found in the interlanguages of language learners: developmental and interference. While developmental errors reflect a normal pattern of development common among all language learners, interference errors are caused by the learners' native languages. This paper deals with a number of die-hard types of interference errors found in English written by Vietnamese speakers...
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The Emergence of Modern Vietnamese Literature
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I have found that the most simple and logical way to define modern Vietnamese literature is to identify and describe the features marking its departure from traditional literature which had dominated the Vietnamese cultural sphere for centuries. To begin with, the obvious question is what traditional Vietnamese literature was like. Vietnam is blessed with a very rich corpus of oral literature which has persisted since before written literature made its appearance. However, I will not include it in this discussion, because modern Vietnamese literature represented mainly a breakaway from written literary tradition...
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Vietnamese Lexicography
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This paper traces the history of lexicography in Vietnam and points out its successive tendencies both in monolingual and bilingual or multilingual modes through the traditional period, the colonial period, the independence period the partition period and the post-1975 period...
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Introduction to Ancient Vietnam Coin
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Some decades ago, ancient Vietnam coin became an important and interesting subject of researching in Vietnam history. Not only the coin provided a picture of economical and commercial situation in the past, but also it showed the life style of our ancestors and provided essential data about studying the Vietnam history. Recently, collecting the ancient Vietnam coin became an intellectual subject for both the old and particularly the young collectors...
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Passive Voice or Affective Verbs in Vietnamese?
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This paper (1) explores the class of verbs in Vietnamese that have been claimed to be markers of the passive voice (i.e. bị, được, and others) and (2) claims that those verbs actually constitute a special class of affective verbs which are distinct from markers of the passive voice.
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What's so Chinese about Vietnamese?
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This study explores the ways in which Chinese has and has not affected the language spoken by the Vietnamese and their ancestors over two thousand years of language contact in what is an example of borrowing rather than shift. Based on comparative lexical, phonological, morphological, and syntactic evidence, the influence of Chinese, though lexically significant, is best viewed as structurally superficial. This paper demonstrates that, at each linguistic level, Chinese influence is primarily restricted to non-structural aspects of Vietnamese, and the various linguistic elements of Chinese have been fit onto a primarily Southeast Asian and Mon-Khmer linguistic template.
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Early Weapons Systems and Ethnic Identity in the Sino-Vietnamese Frontier
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In this paper I have tried to analyze the early culture of the Zhuang/Nung, and particularly their relationship to the cultures of the Chinese Central Plain, by focusing upon weapons and warfare. I believe that this approach yields useful new information on both the Zhuang/Nung themselves and upon the early cultural processes on either side of today's Sino-Vietnamese frontier.
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Language, Literacy, and Nationalism:
A Comparative Study of Vietnam and Taiwan
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This paper examines the developments and influences of romanization in the traditional Hanji dominant Taiwanese and Vietnamese societies. Both internal and external factors have contributed to the different outcomes of romanization in these two countries. Internal factors include the general public's demands for literacy and anti-feudal hierarchy; external factors include the political relationships between these countries and the origin of Hanji (i.e. China)....
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Vietnamese Family: Myth and Reality
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"The family is the foundation of society". Vietnamese people strongly believe in this expression, and in the stability and strength that the family unit can lend to society and indeed, to the nation...
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Japan Early Trade Coin and the Commercial Trade between Vietnam and Japan in the 17th Century
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There was no historical record to recite exactly when the Japanese started trading with Viet Nam. Vietnamese historians only knew that Chinese merchants traded with the Viet a couple hundred years before the Japanese. Did the Japanese go to the Viets or the Viets sailed to Kyushu? Or perhaps the Chinese, and the Javanese acting as middle man traded these goods northward? ...
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The Fundamental Features of the Vietnamese Civilisation
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For centuries, Viet Nam has been subject to the rule of a powerful neighbour, the Chinese Empire. In the world of travellers who have visited Vietnam without staying long enough in the country and knew it without having a sufficient knowledge of the land and the people, an opinion has been substantiated that this country was merely a Chinese province. This ancient and tenacious prejudice is still to be found among many people who claim to be people of culture. It is this preconceived judgement which prevents people from realising that, taken as a whole, the customs and mentality of the Vietnamese are separate from the influences exerted by the Chinese occupation, and distinct enough to deserve to be recognised as so many component elements of an authentic Vietnamese civilisation....
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The Present Echoes of the Ancient Bronze Drum:
Nationalism and Archeology in Modern Vietnam and China
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In this article, I intend to make a brief review of the major works on the bronze drum published in Vietnam and China in the 1970s and 1980s, and will demonstrate how nationalism predetermined the positions of the scholars researching the issue of the origin of the bronze drum. I will also discuss how their theories about the origin of the bronze drum in turn influenced their understanding of other aspects of the bronze drum, such as its typology, dating and decoration. My chief concern here is not to prove which side is right or wrong, but to try to explain why the issue of the origins of the bronze drum became so important to the Vietnamese and Chinese scholars during this period, and why no scholars expressed different views from those of their compatriots...
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Gac: a Fruit from Heaven
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In populations where intakes of animal foods are inadequate and food sources of retinol are not economically possible, efficient use of carotene-rich plants may prevent vitamin A deficiency. In Vietnam, the Gac fruit (Momordica Cochinchinnensis Spreng) is an excellent source of beta-carotene (17-35 mg/100g of edible part)...
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